PASSIVE
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Quy tắc:

A: S + V + O


P: S + be + V3/ed + by O

1. Lấy túc từ ở câu chủ động ra làm chủ từ.
2. Thêm động từ “to be”, nhưng phải cùng thì với câu chủ động.
3. Đưa động từ (V) ở câu chủ động xuống, nhưng phải ở dạng V3/ed.
4. Đưa chủ từ ở câu chủ động xuống làm túc từ cho câu bị động, nhưng trước nó phải có “by”.
Lưu ý:
-Trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian sẽ được đặt ở cuối câu. Trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn đặt trước “by”
- Nếu sau “by” là đại từ nhân xưng (me, him, her,….) hoặc people, someone, one , anyone , anybody ,
somebody , everyone , …. … ta có thể bỏ.
- Nêú tân ngữ trong câu bị động chỉ s ưj v âjt
TENSES
FORMS
EXAMPLES

1. PRESENT SIMPLE:
S + is/ am are + V3/ed
A: John delivers the newspapers every morning.
S V O
-> P: The newspapers are delivered by John every morning.
S V O

2. PAST SIMPLE:

S + was/ were + V 3/ed
A: My mother wrote that letter.
S V O
-> P: That letter was written by my mother.
S V O

3. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE:

S+is/am/are+being+V3/ed
A: He is asking me a lot of questions.
S V O O
-> P: I am being asked a lot of questions (by him).
-> : A lot of questions are being asked to me (by him).

4. PAST PROGRESSIVE:
S+was/were+being+V3/ed
A: She was doing her homework at that time.
S V O
-> P: Her homework was being done (by her) at that time.

5. PRESENT PERFECT

S+ has/have +been+ V3/ed
A: My mother has made these cakes.
S V O
->P: These cakes have been made by my mother.
S V O

6. PAST PERFECT
S + had + been + V3/ed
A: They had prepared a dinner before we came.
S V O
-> P: A dinner had been prepared (by them) before we came.
S V O


7. FUTURE PERFECT
S + will / shall + have been
+ V3/ ed
A: They will have sold the house by May
→ P: The house will have been sold by May.

8. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
S+ has / have + been + being
+V3/ed
A: They have been using the computer all day.
→ P: The computer has been being used all day.

9. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

S + had + been + being
+ V3/ed
A: she had been waiting for Tim for hours when he came.
→ P: Tim had been being waited for 2 hours when he came.

10. MODAL VERBS
(can, may, must. will, shall, have to, used to, ought to / be going to…)
S+ can, may,…+ be + V3/ed
Ex: A: My friend can answer this question.
S V O
-> P: This answer can be answered by my friend.
S V O


CÁC DẠNG CÂU BỊ ĐÔNG KHÁC
TYPE
STRUCTURES
EXAMPLES

Verbs of opinion
(say / think / believe / report / rumour...)
Active: S + V + (that) + S2 + V2+ O2
Ex1: People say that he is a famous doctor.
→ It is said that he is a famous doctor
→ He is said to be a famous doctor.
Ex2: They thought that Mary had gone away.
→ It was thought that Mary had gone away.
→ Mary was thought to have gone away.
Ex3: They say that he was a spy.
→ It is said that he was a spy.
→ he is said that to have been a spy.


Passive:
It + be + V(P.P) + (that) + S2 + V2+ O2
S2 + be + V(P.P) + to VO / to have + P.P...